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FDA approval of benzgalantamine exposes flaws in the 505(b)(2) pathway for innovations on existing drugs

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Combination fixed-dose β agonist and steroid inhaler as required for adults or children with mild asthma: a Cochrane systematic review

Background In people with mild asthma poor adherence to regular therapy is common and increases the risk of exacerbations, morbidity and mortality. The use of fixed-dose combination inhalers ...
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Of studies, syntheses, synopses, and systems: the “4S” evolution of services for finding current best evidence

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Clinical expertise in the era of evidence-based medicine and patient choice

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Reducing low value care: opportunities and challenges for Choosing Wisely campaigns

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007 Leveraging artificial intelligence to prevent overdiagnosis: a machine learning approach for predicting risk of severe dengue

Background Dengue is a significant global health threat, with nearly half of the world’s population at risk. Approximately 75% of the global dengue burden is concentrated in the Southeast Asia and ...
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83 Navigating perceived overdiagnosis and overtreatment: experiences of those who make an active decision to decline screening or treatment along the NHS Breast Screening ...

Background Cancer screening programmes have the potential to reduce mortality, but screening programmes can also involve harms such as overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Significant rates of ...
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Component network meta-analysis in a nutshell

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7 Paediatric flatfeet intervention is common, but is it evidence based?

Objectives Paediatric flatfoot is a common presentation with prevalence estimates of 15%. Some flatfeet can result in pain and altered gait. No optimal strategy, nor consensus, for non-surgical ...
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Treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures using orthosis versus no orthosis

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72 Special project #1: the tobacco industry, alvan feinstein and lung cancer overdiagnosis

In 1964 the notorious Council for Tobacco Research (CTR) began to fund a young epidemiologist at Yale University named Alvan Feinstein PhD. During the course of his long and illustrious career, ...
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30 Applying a threshold controlled trial in order to assess the external validity of randomized controlled trials and to optimize the selection of patients for treatment to ...

Objectives Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the ‘gold standard’ method used to assess the efficacy of treatments. However, patients may be reluctant to be subjected to another RCT once efficacy ...